1.
Taxonomuy And Prevalence Of Eimeria Species Infecting Young Buffalo And Cattle Calves And Their Effect On Various
by Afzal, M | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
; Nature of contents: ; Literary form: Publisher: 1996Dissertation note: This study was contemplated to evaluate some aspects of prevalent species including taxonomy of Eimeria infection& in young cattle and buffalo calves. In addition the effects of Eimeria infections on various haematological parameters i.e., Haemoglobin, PCV, RBC count, ESR and Differential leucocyte count were also studied. For this purpose the animals (Buffalo and Cattle calves) were divided into two groups. Firstly those having diarrhoea and secondly those which were apparently healthy. The buffalo and cattle calves were divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) on the basis of the age in days under the maximum age of 120 days. A group ranged from 1-30 days, B ranged 31- 60 days, C ranged 61-90 and D ranged 91-120 days. The haematological observations were recorded from both the groups formulated upon the basis of age as A, B, C and D in both cattle and buffalo calves and findings compared with the control groups A, B, C and D having the same age range.
Results revealed that out of 816 animals (442 cattle and 374 buffalo calves), 167 (84 cattle and 83 buffalo calves) were found to be positive (20.46%) for Eimeria species infection. Whereas 62 out of 250 (24.80%) suffering from diarrhoea and 22 out of 192 (11%) apparently healthy cattle calves showed coccidial infections. For buffaloes 63 out of 220 cases (29%) were positive from animals showing diarrhoea and 20 out of 154 (13%) were found positive for coccidiosis from apparently healthy group. Four species of Eimeria namely, Eimeria zuernii, Elmerip bovis, Eimeria cylindrica and Eimeria ellipsoidalis were found in the above mentioned ca1ves
E. zuernhi was the most prevalent species found (48%) followed by . bovis (27%), Eimeria cvlindrica (16%) and Eimeria ellipsoidalis (10%) respectively. OPG count carried out ranged from 2500-70,000 oocyst per gram of faeces.
Haematological observations showed anaemia, which was a feature of the diarrhoeic calves and not found in apparently healthy animals although some of them had been harbouring Eimeria infection. The PCV decreased proportionately with haemoglobin whereas erythrocyte count also showed decrease in positive cases. On the other hand ESR of the above referred calves increased. There was neutrophilia in the infected animals versus control animals and lymphocytes decreased in infected animals. There was no significant change in eosinophil and monocyte counts.
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2.
Taxonomical Studies Of Prevalent Species Of Eimeria In Broiler Chicks And Comparison Of Immucox (Imported Vaccine) Versus Locally Prepared Vaccine Against Coccidiosi
by Sodaghar Ali Shaker | Dr. Muhammad Afzal | Dr. Haji Ahmad Hashmi | Dr. Shakil | Faculty of Veterinary Sciences.
Material type: ; Format:
print
Publisher: 1997Dissertation note: The study was designed to identify different species of the genus Eimeria in broiler chicks occuring in poultry farms situated in and around Lahore.
For this purpose one thousand faecal samples were collected from different broiler farms out of which 145 (14.5%) were positive for coccidiosis. Two hundred broiler carcases, suspected to he suffering from coccidiosis were obtained from different diagnostic Laboratories at Lahore. One hundred and ninety out of 200, (95%) were found positive for coccidiosis.
Identification of the species of the genus Eimeria was done and seven species were identified i.e, E tenella 119 out of 190 (62.63%), J. brunetti 27 (14.21%), E. necatrix 13 (6.84%), . acervulina 19 (10%), . maxima 4 (2.10%), . mitis 3 (1.58%) and . praecpx 5 (2.63%).
The second aim of the present study was to compare the immunogenic properties of locally prepared (atlenuated) and imported (live) vaccine (Immucox). For this purpose one hundred and fifty five day old broiler chicks were reared under controlled conditions. They were equally divided into five groups i.e. A, B, C, D and E. Group A was kept as uninfected control. Group B acted as infected control. Group B, C, D and E were infected with 50,000 sporulated Oocysts at day 15, 25, 35 and 45 of age. Group C acted as infected and treated control alongwith 5 days treatment with amprolium, after three days of each primary and challenge doses. Group D received 1000 sporulated formalin treated oocysts orally, at the age of day 3 and day 10. The members of group E received orally imported vaccine (Immucox) at the age of day 5.
Immunogenicity was measured by the passage of oocysts per gram of faeces (OPG) and by comparative weight gains amongst different groups. It was noticed that no coccidiosis could be established in groups A, C, D and E. The OPG counts remained nil in groups A and C throughout the experimental period. Groups D and E showed moderate counts and Group B showed high counts of OPG. The OPG counts gradually decreased to 35,000, 1200 and 1150 in groups B, D and E, respectively at the end of the experiment.
Average weight gain records showed 430, 150, 332 and 270 gms greater in A, C, D and E groups, respectively at the end of the experiment, as compared to group B.
FCR of group A, B, C, D and E was 2.82, 3.48, 3.11, 2.76 and 2.93, respectively at the end of the experiment. Group D was the best and group B was the worst. Group D depicted full protection and remained second to the uninfected control group (A) in respect of weight gains. Group E also showed complete protection and remained third to the uninfected control group A in respect of weight gains. Inspite of complete protection in group C due to amprolium treatment, the weight gains remained lower than groups D and E. There was no development of exogenous species of Elmeria due to immunization with immucox.
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